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Epidemiology Medical and Health News Headlines
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All Recent Epidemiology Medical News Headlines |
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Estimating the half-lives of PCB congeners in former capacitor workers measured over a 28-year interval
Authors: Richard F Seegal, Edward F Fitzgerald, Elaine A Hills, Mary S Wolff, Richard F Haase, Andrew C Todd, Patrick Parsons, Eric S Molho, Donald S Higgins, Stewart A Factor, Kenneth L Marek, John P Seibyl, Danna L Jennings
& Robert J Mccaffrey (Source: Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology)...
POSTED 03/09/2010 at 06:00 PM --
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The authors reply
(Source: American Journal of Epidemiology)...
POSTED 03/08/2010 at 09:52 PM --
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Re: "effect of supplemental folic acid in pregnancy on childhood asthma: a prospective birth cohort study"
(Source: American Journal of Epidemiology)...
POSTED 03/08/2010 at 09:52 PM --
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The authors reply
(Source: American Journal of Epidemiology)...
POSTED 03/08/2010 at 09:52 PM --
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Birth Weight and the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in the Maternal Grandparents
Pregnancy complications and cardiovascular disease share some common determinants. It has previously been hypothesized that family history of cardiovascular disease would be associated with low birth weight. Records from 120,317 Scottish births, 1992–2006, were linked to hospital admission and death certificate data for 71,681 pairs of maternal grandparents. There was a negative relation between the birth weight of the baby and the risk of either grandparent's experiencing ischemic heart disease (for a 1-kg increase in birth weight, hazard ratio = 0.86, 95% confidence interval: 0.83, 0.89) or cerebrovascular disease (hazard ratio = 0.82, 95% confidence interval: 0.77, 0.87). Further analysis demonstrated that the associations were explained by increased risks of both delivering a sma......
POSTED 03/08/2010 at 09:52 PM --
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Untreated Poor Vision: A Contributing Factor to Late-Life Dementia
Ophthalmologic abnormalities have been described in patients with dementia, but the extent to which poor vision and treatment for visual disorders affect cognitive decline is not well defined. Linked data from the Health and Retirement Study and Medicare files (1992–2005) were used to follow the experiences of 625 elderly US study participants with normal cognition at baseline. The outcome was a diagnosis of dementia, cognitively impaired but no dementia, or normal cognition. Poor vision was associated with development of dementia (P = 0.0048); individuals with very good or excellent vision at baseline had a 63% reduced risk of dementia (95% confidence interval (CI): 20, 82) over a mean follow-up period of 8.5 years. Participants with poorer vision who did not visit an ophthalmologis......
POSTED 03/08/2010 at 09:52 PM --
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Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Completed Suicide
In conclusion, a registry-based diagnosis of PTSD based on International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision, is a risk factor for completed suicide. (Source: American Journal of Epidemiology)...
POSTED 03/08/2010 at 09:52 PM --
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Prospective Associations of Insomnia Markers and Symptoms With Depression
Whether insomnia, a known correlate of depression, predicts depression longitudinally warrants elucidation. The authors examined 555 Wisconsin Sleep Cohort Study participants aged 33–71 years without baseline depression or antidepressant use who completed baseline and follow-up overnight polysomnography and had complete questionnaire-based data on insomnia and depression for 1998–2006. Using Poisson regression, they estimated relative risks for depression (Zung scale score ≥50) at 4-year (average) follow-up according to baseline insomnia symptoms and polysomnographic markers. Twenty-six participants (4.7%) developed depression by follow-up. Having 3–4 insomnia symptoms versus none predicted depression risk (age-, sex-, and comorbidity-adjusted relative risk (RR) = 3.2,......
POSTED 03/08/2010 at 09:52 PM --
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Time Scale and Adjusted Survival Curves for Marginal Structural Cox Models
Typical applications of marginal structural time-to-event (e.g., Cox) models have used time on study as the time scale. Here, the authors illustrate use of time on treatment as an alternative time scale. In addition, a method is provided for estimating Kaplan-Meier–type survival curves for marginal structural models. For illustration, the authors estimate the total effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy on time to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or death in 1,498 US men and women infected with human immunodeficiency virus and followed for 6,556 person-years between 1995 and 2002; 323 incident cases of clinical AIDS and 59 deaths occurred. Of the remaining 1,116 participants, 77% were still under observation at the end of follow-up. By using time on study, the hazard......
POSTED 03/08/2010 at 09:52 PM --
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Pooling Dietary Data Using Questionnaires With Open-ended and Predefined Responses: Implications for Comparing Mean Intake or Estimating Odds Ratios
In the current era of diet-gene analyses, large sample sizes are required to uncover the etiology of complex diseases. As such, consortia form and often combine available data. Food frequency questionnaires, which commonly use 2 different types of responses about the frequency of intake (predefined responses and open-ended responses), may be pooled to achieve the desired sample size. The common practice is to categorize open-ended responses into the predefined response categories. A problem arises when the predefined categories are noncontiguous: possible open-ended responses may fall in gaps between the predefined categories. Using simulated data modeled from frequency of intake among 1,664 controls in a lung cancer case-control study at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Cente......
POSTED 03/08/2010 at 09:52 PM --
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Messer et al. Respond to "Positivity in Practice"
(Source: American Journal of Epidemiology)...
POSTED 03/08/2010 at 09:52 PM --
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Cheng et al. Respond to "Positivity in Practice"
(Source: American Journal of Epidemiology)...
POSTED 03/08/2010 at 09:52 PM --
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Effects of Socioeconomic and Racial Residential Segregation on Preterm Birth: A Cautionary Tale of Structural Confounding
Confounding associated with social stratification or other selection processes has been called structural confounding. In the presence of structural confounding, certain covariate strata will contain only subjects who could never be exposed, a violation of the positivity or experimental treatment effect assumption. Thus, structural confounding can prohibit the exchangeability necessary for meaningful causal contrasts across levels of exposure. The authors explored the presence and magnitude of structural confounding by estimating the independent effects of neighborhood deprivation and neighborhood racial composition (segregation) on rates of preterm birth in Wake and Durham counties, North Carolina (1999–2001). Tabular analyses and random-intercept fixed-slope multilevel logistic mod......
POSTED 03/08/2010 at 09:52 PM --
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The Association Between Persistent Fetal Occiput Posterior Position and Perinatal Outcomes: An Example of Propensity Score and Covariate Distance Matching
In a retrospective cohort study of 18,880 full-term, cephalic singletons born in San Francisco, California, during 1976–2001, the authors used multivariable logistic regression (MVLR) and propensity score analysis (PSA) to examine the association between persistent fetal occiput posterior (OP) position and perinatal outcomes. The principles and applications of these techniques are compared and discussed. Pregnancies with OP positions at delivery were compared with those with occiput anterior positions. Perinatal outcomes were examined as adjusted odds ratios determined by MVLR and PSA and as risk differences determined by propensity score matched bootstrapping based on covariate distance. Persistent OP position was associated with operative delivery and maternal morbidity. The odds r......
POSTED 03/08/2010 at 09:52 PM --
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The Association Between the Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-{gamma}2 (PPARG2) Pro12Ala Gene Variant and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A HuGE Review and Meta-Analysis
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor- gene (PPARG) has been implicated in the etiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus and has been investigated in numerous epidemiologic studies. In this Human Genome Epidemiology review, the authors assessed this relation in an updated meta-analysis of 60 association studies. Electronic literature searches were conducted on September 14, 2009. Population-based cohort, case-control, cross-sectional, or genome-wide association studies reporting associations between the PPARG Pro12Ala gene variant (rs1801282) and type 2 diabetes were included. An updated literature-based meta-analysis involving 32,849 type 2 diabetes cases and 47,456 controls in relation to the PPARG Pro12Ala variant was conducted. The combined overall odds ratio, calculated by per-all......
POSTED 03/08/2010 at 09:52 PM --
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Irregular Heavy Drinking Occasions and Risk of Ischemic Heart Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Contrary to a cardioprotective effect of moderate regular alcohol consumption, accumulating evidence points to a detrimental effect of irregular heavy drinking occasions (>60 g of pure alcohol or ≥5 drinks per occasion at least monthly) on ischemic heart disease risk, even for drinkers whose average consumption is moderate. The authors systematically searched electronic databases from 1980 to 2009 for case-control or cohort studies examining the association of irregular heavy drinking occasions with ischemic heart disease risk. Studies were included if they reported either a relative risk estimate for intoxication or frequency of ≥5 drinks stratified by or adjusted for total average alcohol consumption. The search identified 14 studies (including 31 risk estimates) containing 4,71......
POSTED 03/08/2010 at 09:52 PM --
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Subscriptions
(Source: American Journal of Epidemiology)...
POSTED 03/08/2010 at 09:52 PM --
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Editorial Board
(Source: American Journal of Epidemiology)...
POSTED 03/08/2010 at 09:52 PM --
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Cover
(Source: American Journal of Epidemiology)...
POSTED 03/08/2010 at 09:52 PM --
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Case‐Crossover Study of Burkholderia cepacia Complex Bloodstream Infection Associated with Contaminated Intravenous Bromopride
Conclusion. Our investigation, using a case‐crossover design, of an outbreak of BCC‐BSI infections concluded it was polyclonal but likely caused by infusion of contaminated bromopride. The epidemiological finding was validated by microbiological analysis. After recall of contaminated bromopride vials by the manufacturer, the outbreak was controlled. (Source: Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol Latest Issue)...
POSTED 03/06/2010 at 02:05 AM --
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