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Addiction Medical and Health News Headlines
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All Recent Addiction Medical News Headlines |
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3 Million Uninsured Workers Need Addiction Treatment, SAMHSA Estimates
About 16 percent of all U.S. workers without health insurance needed addiction treatment within the past year, but only 12.6 percent were able to access services at a specialty addiction-treatment center, a new survey finds. (Source: Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drugs News)...
POSTED 02/05/2010 at 06:59 PM --
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More Americans Drinking at Home, Industry Group Says
Liquor sales are holding steady despite the recession, but industry data indicates that more Americans are drinking at home rather than going out to bars and restaurants. (Source: Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drugs News)...
POSTED 02/05/2010 at 06:03 PM --
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Long-Term Nicotine Patch Use Improves Quit Rate, But Effects Don't Last
Smokers who wore nicotine patches for six months were twice as likely to quit as those who unknowingly received placebos after wearing real patches for two months, according to a new study. (Source: Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drugs News)...
POSTED 02/05/2010 at 05:58 PM --
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Sex differences in the effects of allopregnanolone on yohimbine-induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking in rats
Abstract: Sex differences exist in several aspects of cocaine abuse, and recent research suggests that this may be due, in part, to differential sensitivity to stress. Women, compared to men, exhibit greater stress-induced cocaine craving and responses to both cocaine and stress fluctuate during phases of the hormonal cycle. The goal of the present study was to compare male and female rats on the maintenance and extinction of cocaine seeking and on an animal model of stress-induced relapse by administering the pharmacological stressor yohimbine. An additional goal was to examine possible sex-specific treatment effects of the progesterone metabolite, allopregnanolone, on yohimbine-induced reinstatement. Male and female rats were trained to lever press for i.v. infusions of cocaine (0.4mg/kg......
POSTED 02/05/2010 at 11:17 AM --
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The intergenerational transmission of tobacco smoking—The role of parents’ long-term smoking trajectories
Abstract: Youths whose parents smoke tobacco may be at elevated risk of smoking themselves. However, the association between parental long-term smoking history and offspring regular tobacco use is not well known. Using data collected on 1121 youths (12–26 years) participating in the GAZEL Youth study, a French community-based cohort, we tested the association between parental long-term smoking trajectory and offspring regular smoking. Parental smoking trajectory over 11 years (1989–1999) was measured by yearly reports obtained from the parent. Statistical analyses controlled for youth's sex, age, alcohol use and disruptive behavioral problems, parent's sex, as well as family socioeconomic position. Overall, 27% of study youths smoked regularly. Compared to offspring of non-smokers, tho......
POSTED 02/05/2010 at 11:17 AM --
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Predictors of buprenorphine–naloxone dosing in a 12-week treatment trial for opioid-dependent youth: Secondary analyses from a NIDA Clinical Trials Network study
Conclusion: These data suggest that the presence of pain predicts buprenorphine–naloxone dose levels in opioid-dependent youth, and that patients with pain have comparable opioid use outcomes to those without pain, but require higher buprenorphine–naloxone doses. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence)...
POSTED 02/05/2010 at 11:17 AM --
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Newborns’ cord blood plasma cotinine concentrations are similar to that of their delivering smoking mothers
Abstract: Background: In utero exposure to constituents of tobacco smoke has perinatal and postnatal health consequences. Umbilical cord plasma cotinine levels have been shown to correlate with self-reported daily number of cigarettes at the end of pregnancy, but the exact relationship between maternal and newborn plasma cotinine (and nicotine) is unknown.Methods: Concentrations of cotinine, nicotine's main metabolite, were determined in venous blood of delivering mothers and in arterial umbilical cord blood of their newborns at birth. Data from eighteen mother–newborn dyads were analyzed.Results: The mothers smoked 95.1 (SD=96, range 10–420) cigarettes the week preceding delivery. Their mean plasma cotinine concentration at delivery was 106ng/mL (SD=53, range 17–245) and the newborn......
POSTED 02/05/2010 at 11:17 AM --
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Factors associated with uptake of treatment for recent hepatitis C virus infection in a predominantly injecting drug user cohort: The ATAHC Study
Abstract: Despite that the majority of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection occurs among injection drug users (IDUs), little is known about HCV treatment uptake in this group, particularly during recent infection. We evaluated uptake of treatment for recent HCV infection, including associated factors, within a population predominantly made up of IDUs. The Australian Trial in Acute Hepatitis C was a study of the natural history and treatment of recent HCV infection. All participants with detectable HCV RNA at screening were offered HCV treatment, assessed for eligibility and those initiating treatment were identified. Logistic regression analyses were used to identify predictors of HCV treatment uptake. Between June 2004 and February 2008, 163 were enrolled, with 146 positive for HCV RNA at en......
POSTED 02/05/2010 at 11:17 AM --
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Empirically defined subtypes of alcohol dependence in an Irish family sample
Abstract: Alcohol dependence (AD) is clinically and etiologically heterogeneous. The goal of this study was to explore AD subtypes among a sample of 1221 participants in the Irish Affected Sib Pair Study of Alcohol Dependence, all of whom met DSM-IV criteria for AD. Variables used to identify the subtypes included major depressive disorder, antisocial personality disorder, illicit drug dependence (cannabis, sedatives, stimulants, cocaine, opioids, and hallucinogens), nicotine dependence, the personality traits of neuroticism and novelty seeking, and early alcohol use. Using latent class analysis, a 3-class solution was identified as the most parsimonious description of the data. Individuals in a Mild class were least likely to have comorbid psychopathology, whereas a severe class had highe......
POSTED 02/05/2010 at 11:17 AM --
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Naltrexone and combined behavioral intervention effects on trajectories of drinking in the COMBINE study
Conclusion: The trajectory-analyses identified specific patterns of drinking that were differentially influenced by each treatment and provided support for hypotheses about the mechanisms by which these treatments work. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence)...
POSTED 02/05/2010 at 11:17 AM --
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Predicting drinking onset with discrete-time survival analysis in offspring from the San Diego prospective study
This study tested the relationship between the age of first drink (AFD) and a range of risk factors that predict the onset of alcohol use. Participants were offspring from the San Diego Prospective Study (SDPS) who were at least 15 years old at the time of their most recent interview (n=147). Discrete-time survival analysis (DTSA) was used to relate multiple characteristics to the hazard function of alcohol onset across a relevant age range. The results demonstrated the predicted relationships to AFD for conduct problems, male gender, prior marijuana use, and a FH of alcoholism, even when these characteristics were estimated together. Furthermore, an interaction occurred such that offspring with both conduct problems and marijuana use were at substantially higher risk for alcohol use onset......
POSTED 02/05/2010 at 11:17 AM --
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Psychopharmacological effects of oxycodone in healthy volunteers: Roles of alcohol-drinking status and sex
Conclusions: Studies have established that moderate drinkers report a greater degree of abuse liability-related effects than do light drinkers with several different drugs, including diazepam, amphetamine, and nitrous oxide, but we were unable to establish this with the prescription opioid, oxycodone. However, we did observe sex differences in several subjective effects of oxycodone, a finding that is consistent with the extant literature showing sex differences in pharmacodynamic effects of opioids. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence)...
POSTED 02/05/2010 at 11:17 AM --
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Adolescent cannabis use increases risk for cocaine-induced paranoia
Abstract: Cannabis can produce and/or exacerbate psychotic symptoms in vulnerable individuals. Early exposure to cannabis, particularly in combination with genetic factors, increases the risk of a subsequent, primary, psychotic disorder. Because paranoia is a common feature of stimulant abuse and cocaine-dependent individuals frequently endorse a history of cannabis abuse, we examined whether early cannabis exposure, in conjunction with polymorphic variation in the catechol-O-methyl transferase gene (COMT Val158Met), influences the risk for cocaine-induced paranoia (CIP).Methods: Cannabis-use history was obtained in 1140 cocaine-dependent individuals from a family-based (affected sibling pair) study using the Semi-Structured Assessment for Drug Dependence and Alcoholism (SSADDA). Logistic ......
POSTED 02/05/2010 at 11:17 AM --
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A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial of oral selegiline hydrochloride for smoking cessation in nicotine-dependent cigarette smokers
Abstract: Aim: The primary aim of this study was to determine the safety and efficacy of the monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) inhibitor selegiline hydrochloride (SEL, l-Deprenyl; Eldepryl®) as an aid for smoking cessation in cigarette smokers.Methods: One hundred and one nicotine-dependent adult cigarette smokers without current psychiatric or substance use disorders participated in this 8-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Participants received either SEL (5mg bid, n=51) or placebo (PLO, n=50), in combination with brief ( (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence)...
POSTED 02/05/2010 at 11:17 AM --
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Needle sharing in regular sexual relationships: An examination of serodiscordance, drug using practices, and the gendered character of injecting
Conclusions: Injecting practices in regular heterosexual relationships do not appear to be organised around hepatitis C status but are influenced by gender, the couples’ connection with other IDU, and extent to which they share the equipment with those outside of their relationship. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence)...
POSTED 02/05/2010 at 11:17 AM --
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Alcohol and drug involvement after adolescent treatment and functioning during emerging adulthood
This study identified patterns of alcohol and other drug (AOD) involvement during the decade following adolescent AOD treatment and developmental outcomes in emerging adulthood. AOD and psychosocial variables were assessed at eight time points from adolescence into adulthood (n=153; 41.2% women) in an inpatient treatment sample of alcohol and other drug dependent teens. Latent class growth analysis identified six trajectories based on alcohol and substance use frequency which were consistent with developmental transitions and validated by measures of dependency symptoms. While few differences were evident at intake, the educational, occupational and interpersonal attainments were differentially associated with the alcohol/drug trajectories as youth transitioned into adulthood. High rates o......
POSTED 02/05/2010 at 11:17 AM --
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Longitudinal associations between depression and substance dependence from adolescence through early adulthood
Conclusions: Substance dependence during late adolescence predicts the subsequent occurrence of major depression. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence)...
POSTED 02/05/2010 at 11:17 AM --
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External pressure, motivation, and treatment outcome among pregnant substance-using women
Abstract: The weight of evidence suggests that legal pressure to enter treatment facilitates retention. However, the extent to which such mandates (a) influence actual levels of substance use, or (b) also facilitate retention among pregnant women, is unclear. Associations between external pressure—defined as self-reported pressure to attend treatment under threat of incarceration, loss of child custody, and/or loss of subsidized housing—and the key outcomes of retention and substance use were therefore examined in a sample of 200 pregnant women receiving community-based substance abuse treatment. The role of external pressure was examined in a series of Cox and GEE regressions, which suggested that external pressure as measured at baseline was associated with decreased risk of dropout ......
POSTED 02/05/2010 at 11:17 AM --
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15-Year survival and retention of patients in a general hospital-affiliated methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) center in Israel
Abstract: We have extended our previous 10-year follow-up study of MMT retention for another 5 years and added data on survival of all patients ever admitted to our MMT clinic (6/1993 to 6/2007). Data were calculated from admission to MMT until leaving, death, or study closure (6/2008). Ninety-four of a total of 613 patients (4711.6 person-years [py]) died. Cancer was the primary cause of death for those who remained in treatment, and overdose for those who left MMT. Longer survival (p=0.051) with a trend for a lower mortality rate (p=0.08) was noted among the 464 patients who stayed in treatment ≥1 year (1.8/100 py), compared with the 149 patients who left MMT (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence)...
POSTED 02/05/2010 at 11:17 AM --
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Friendship networks of inner-city adults: A latent class analysis and multi-level regression of supporter types and the association of supporter latent class membership with supporter and recipient drug use
Conclusions: Those with current heroin/cocaine use were less likely to provide or receive comprehensive support from friends. (Source: Drug and Alcohol Dependence)...
POSTED 02/05/2010 at 11:17 AM --
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