Role of multidrug transporters in neurotherapeutics
Jose Manna, Thomas Sanjeev VAnnals of Indian Academy of Neurology 2009 12(2):89-98Acquired resistance to antibiotics and other chemotherapeutic agents is a major problem in the practice of neurology and other branches of medicine. There are several mechanisms by which drug resistance is acquired. Multidrug transporters are important glycoproteins located in the cell membrane that actively transport small lipophilic molecules from one side of the cell membrane to the other, most often from the inside to the outside of a cell. They have important protective role yet may prove inconvenient in chemotherapy. In epilepsy and other disorders this mechanism augments the elimination of drugs from their target cells and leads to drug resistance. In this review, we have discussed the biochemical char......
POSTED 07/01/2009 at 10:34 AM --
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Genetic Polymorphism and Idiopathic Generalized Epilepsy. Evidence of Interaction between Haptoglobin and ACP1 Systems
Neuropediatrics 2008; 39: 357-358DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1202834AbstractWe have investigated possible interactions between ACP1 and Hp concerning their effects on the susceptibility to convulsive disorders. 129 children with idiopathic generalized epilepsy with tonic clonic seizures (IGE) and 127 controls were studied in the population of Rome. There is a significant interaction between Hp and ACP1 concerning their effects on epilepsy. The association of Hp with epilepsy depends on the ACP1 genotypes. In carriers of the *B/*B genotype of ACP1 the risk of epilepsy is much lower in Hp *1/*1 children than in other Hp types. This is not observed in carriers of other ACP1 types.The present data suggest an epistatic action of ACP1 concerning the effect of Hp on the susceptibility to convulsive disor......
POSTED 07/01/2009 at 10:34 AM --
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Original paper Colloid cysts of the third ventricle. Endoscopic and open microsurgical management
Conclusions: The endoscopic approach to colloid cysts of the third ventricle is safe, effective and carries a low complication rate. Endoscopy may be recommended as a treatment option. (Source: Articles of Polish Journal of Neurology and Neurosurgery - TERMEDIA publishing house)...
POSTED 07/01/2009 at 09:35 AM --
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Calendar: Mind events in July and August
JULY9 On this day in 1934, Canadian scientist Herbert Jasper of Brown University made the first electrical tracing from a human brain. Jasper, considered to be one of the founders of modern neuroscience, pioneered the use of the electroencephalogram (EEG) to study electrical activity associated with fundamental brain functions such as consciousness and learning. He and his collaborator, neurosurgeon Wilder Penfield, also elucidated the mechanism underlying epilepsy and invented a highly successful procedure to treat seizures. Their work has contributed largely to our understanding of functional anatomy and lateralization of the human brain. [More] (Source: Scientific American - Official RSS Feed)...
POSTED 07/01/2009 at 08:59 AM --
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Preventing Medical Errors: Avoiding Errors with Lamictal Starter Kits
A recent FDA article describes medication errors that occurred with patients using Lamictal starter kits. Lamictal (lamotrigine) is used to treat epilepsy and bipolar disorder.
The starter kits give patients the recommended initial dose and dose... (Source: Food and Drug Adminstration (FDA): Patient Safety News)...
POSTED 06/30/2009 at 11:00 PM --
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Data Demonstrates Long-Term Reduction In Seizure Frequency With Novel Once Daily Anti-Epileptic Zebinix(R)
S. MAMEDE DO CORONADO, Portugal, June 29/PRNewswire/ -- Data presented today, in Budapest, demonstrated that add-on treatment with the novel, once-daily anti-epileptic Zebinix(R)* (eslicarbazepine acetate; ESL) resulted in a marked and sustained... (Source: Drugs.com - Clinical Trials)...
POSTED 06/30/2009 at 07:17 PM --
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Risk Factors for Epilepsy After Traumatic Brain Injury
(Source: AAP Grand Rounds)...
POSTED 06/30/2009 at 06:00 PM --
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[Letters to JMG] Phenotypic expansion and further characterisation of the 17q21.31 microdeletion syndrome
Conclusion:
These data have significant implications for the clinical diagnosis and management of other individuals with 17q21.31 deletions. (Source: Journal of Medical Genetics)...
POSTED 06/30/2009 at 06:00 PM --
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Data Demonstrates Long-Term Reduction In Seizure Frequency With Novel Once Daily Anti-Epileptic Zebinix(R)
Data presented yesterday, in Budapest, demonstrated that add-on treatment with the novel, once-daily anti-epileptic Zebinix®* (eslicarbazepine acetate; ESL) resulted in a marked and sustained decrease in seizure frequency over the long-term. Results from the one-year extension of a pivotal Eslicarbazepine Acetate phase III study were presented at the International Congress for Epilepsy in Budapest, Hungary. (Source: Epilepsy News From Medical News Today)...
POSTED 06/30/2009 at 02:00 AM --
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Anticonvulsant and neuroprotective effects of the novel calcium antagonist NP04634 on kainic acid-induced seizures in rats
This study was undertaken to determine whether NP04634, a novel compound, reported as a non-L-type voltage-sensitive calcium channel (VSCC) inhibitor, could prevent the entrance in SE and the neuronal loss evoked by intraperitoneal injection of KA. Our results show that intragastrical administration of NP04634 reduced the percentage of rats that entered SE after KA injection, increased the latency of SE entry, and significantly reduced the mortality of rats that entered SE. Also, NP04634 prevented the loss of hippocampal CA1 and CA3 pyramidal neurons and reduced the gliosis induced by KA. These results point to a potential anticonvulsant and neuroprotective role for NP04634. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. (Source: Journal of Neuroscience Research)...
POSTED 06/29/2009 at 06:00 PM --
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Aphasia among Young Patients with Ischemic Stroke on Long-term Follow-up
Conclusion: Our study suggests that relatively few young patients with ischemic stroke have clinically significant aphasia on long-term follow-up. However, there are clinically significant differences between patients with and without aphasia that should be the focus of future research. (Source: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases)...
POSTED 06/29/2009 at 10:32 AM --
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Abstract #1: Cognitive Function Data in Newly Diagnosed AED-Naïve Epilepsy Patients Across a Broad Age Range
Conclusions: These data may be useful in the analysis and interpretation of cognitive assessment data from clinical trials of AEDs and/or studies in similar patient populations.Financial disclosure: This study was sponsored by AstraZeneca. None of the authors has a financial relationship with the sponsor. (Source: Neurotherapeutics)...
POSTED 06/29/2009 at 10:32 AM --
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Biovista Inc. Announces Positive Efficacy Results in a Pre-Clinical Trial of its BVA-601 Repositioned Drug for Epilepsy
CHARLOTTESVILLE, Virginia, June 23/PRNewswire/ -- Biovista Inc. today announced that BVA-601, its small-molecule drug targeting epilepsy, has shown positive results in the Kainic acid murine model of temporal lobe epilepsy. BVA-601, an existing drug... (Source: Drugs.com - Clinical Trials)...
POSTED 06/28/2009 at 07:57 PM --
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Targeted disruption of the voltage-dependent calcium channel {alpha}2/{delta}-1-subunit
We report the development of a viable conventional knockout mouse using a construct targeting exon 2 of 2/-1. While the deletion of the subunit is not lethal, these animals lack high-affinity gabapentin binding sites and demonstrate a significantly decreased basal myocardial contractility and relaxation and a decreased L-type Ca2+ current peak current amplitude. This is a novel model for studying the function of the 2/-1-subunit and will be of importance in the development of new pharmacological therapies. (Source: AJP: Heart and Circulatory Physiology)...
POSTED 06/28/2009 at 06:00 PM --
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Synergistic Roles of GABAA Receptors and SK Channels in Regulating Thalamocortical Oscillations
Rhythmic oscillations throughout the cortex are observed during physiological and pathological states of the brain. The thalamus generates sleep spindle oscillations and spike-wave discharges characteristic of absence epilepsy. Much has been learned regarding the mechanisms underlying these oscillations from in vitro brain slice preparations. One widely used model to understand the epileptiform oscillations underlying absence epilepsy involves application of bicuculline methiodide (BMI) to brain slices containing the thalamus. BMI is a well-known GABAA receptor blocker that has previously been discovered to also block small-conductance, calcium-activated potassium (SK) channels. Here we report that the robust epileptiform oscillations observed during BMI application rely synergistically on......
POSTED 06/28/2009 at 06:00 PM --
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Cdkl5 mutations in boys with severe encephalopathy and early-onset intractable epilepsy
(Source: Neurology)...
POSTED 06/28/2009 at 06:00 PM --
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Reversible Erectile Dysfunction in a Patient with Brain Tumor-Related Epilepsy in Therapy with Zonisamide in Add-On
Conclusions. In the literature on patients with brain tumor-related epilepsy, sexuality is a subject that is often neglected by health-care providers who focus primarily on controlling systemic diseases and maintaining physical comfort. For this reason, the possible impact of antiepileptic therapies on sexuality should be taken into consideration. Maschio M, Saveriano F, Dinapoli L, and Jandolo B. Reversible erectile dysfunction in a patient with brain tumor-related epilepsy in therapy with zonisamide in add-on. J Sex Med **;**:**[ndash]**. (Source: The Journal of Sexual Medicine)...
POSTED 06/28/2009 at 06:00 PM --
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Protein-protein interactions involving voltage-gated sodium channels: Post-translational regulation, intracellular trafficking and functional expression.
Authors: Shao D, Okuse K, Djamgoz MB
Voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs), classically known to play a central role in excitability and signalling in nerves and muscles, have also been found to be expressed in a range of 'non-excitable' cells, including lymphocytes, fibroblasts and endothelia. VGSC abnormalities are associated with various diseases including epilepsy, long-QT syndrome 3, Brugada syndrome, sudden infant death syndrome and, more recently, various human cancers. Given their pivotal role in a wide range of physiological and pathophysiological processes, regulation of functional VGSC expression has been the subject of intense study. An emerging theme is post-translational regulation and macro-molecular complexing by protein-protein interactions and intracellular traffickin......
POSTED 06/27/2009 at 11:03 PM --
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Oxidative changes in the rat brain by intraperitoneal injection of ferric nitrilotriacetate.
In conclusion, iron reached the brain parenchyma after i.p. injection of Fe-NTA, and Fe-NTA caused oxidative reactions and suppression of mAChRs in the brain.
PMID: 19490752 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Redox Report : communications in free radical research)...
POSTED 06/27/2009 at 10:55 PM --
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Metabotropic glutamate receptors in the control of neuronal activity and as targets for development of anti-epileptogenic drugs.
Authors: Tang FR, Bradford HF, Ling EA
The anticonvulsant and neuroprotective properties of agonist and antagonist of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) have been known for 15 years or so. However, it is not yet clear whether these agents, and allied compounds, can be considered as candidate drugs for eventual use in the clinic to control the development of epilepsy, (i.e. as anti- epileptogenics), or for the control of seizures themselves (i.e. as anticonvulsants). In fact, few studies have been designed to test for these properties by, for instance, administering these agents during the chronic stages of experimental epilepsy to determine whether a tendency to generate spontaneously recurrent seizures, which often appear by epileptogenesis, could be prevented or stopped. Even ......
POSTED 06/27/2009 at 10:08 PM --
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