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Dyslexia Medical and Health News Headlines
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All Recent Dyslexia Medical Condition News Headlines |
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Dyslexia linked to brain differences
EDINBURGH, Scotland, June 30 (UPI) -- Scottish researchers say they found right hemisphere differences in the brains of those with dyslexia. (Source: Health News - UPI.com)...
POSTED 06/30/2009 at 07:59 PM --
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Can solving of wordchains be explained by phonological skills alone?
The present study focussed on the determinants for effective solving of the Wordchains Test (WCT) in a normative sample of Norwegian junior high-school students. Forty voluntary participants from a rural school district in Western Norway completed the WCT along with tests of general intellectual capacity, single word and non-word reading, auditory working memory, and visual scanning. All measures correlated significantly with each other except for general non-verbal abilities were not correlated with visual scanning. A stepwise multiple regression analysis, using the WCT as the dependent variable, yielded a model that included single word reading, letter recognition, and working memory as independent variables. This model accounted for 75% of the variance in WCT performance. This finding s......
POSTED 06/26/2009 at 06:00 PM --
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Neurological Differences Support Dyslexia Subtypes
Parts of the right hemisphere of the brains of people with dyslexia have been shown to differ from those of normal readers. Researchers used magnetic resonance imaging to compare the two groups, and were able to associate the neurological differences found with different language difficulties within the dyslexic group. (Source: ScienceDaily Headlines)...
POSTED 06/26/2009 at 10:15 AM --
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Neurological Differences Support Dyslexia Subtypes
Parts of the right hemisphere of the brains of people with dyslexia have been shown to differ from those of normal readers. Researchers writing in the open access journal BMC Neuroscience used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to compare the two groups, and were able to associate the neurological differences found with different language difficulties within the dyslexic group. (Source: Dyslexia News From Medical News Today)...
POSTED 06/26/2009 at 02:00 AM --
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Abnormal auditory ERP N100 in children with dyslexia: comparison with their control siblings
Conclusions:
The present findings are in support of the notion of weakened capture of auditory attention in dyslexia, allowing for a possible impairment in the dynamics that link attention with short memory, suggested by the anchoring-deficit hypothesis. (Source: Behavioral and Brain Functions)...
POSTED 06/25/2009 at 06:00 PM --
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Are they just lazy? Student teachers' attitudes about dyslexia
It is highly likely that teachers' abilities in dealing with different forms of learning difficulties will be affected by their knowledge about and attitudes towards those difficulties. Ajzen's Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) provides a useful framework within which to explore such attitudes and was used as the starting point for investigating trainee teachers' attitudes towards aspects of dyslexia. It is assumed that new teachers will enter the profession with a set of intentions according to personal beliefs, normative views within the teaching profession and the sense of competence and power they feel in dealing with dyslexic difficulties. The purpose of this study was to probe student teachers' attitudes at a prestigious School of Education in the Southwest of England. Four hundred a......
POSTED 06/25/2009 at 06:00 PM --
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Non-word repetition and literacy in Dutch children at-risk of dyslexia and children with SLI: results of the follow-up study
This study related the non-word repetition (NWR) abilities of 4-year-old children at-risk of dyslexia and children with specific language impairment (SLI) to their reading abilities at age eight. The results show that the SLI group obtained the lowest NWR score and the at-risk group performed in-between the control and SLI group. Approximately half of the at-risk and SLI group showed reading difficulties. Literacy and NWR abilities were correlated for the at-risk group, but not for the SLI group. The findings point toward differences between the groups and suggest that dyslexia and SLI should not be treated as a similar disorder. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. (Source: Dyslexia)...
POSTED 06/25/2009 at 06:00 PM --
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Cognitive profiles of chinese adolescents with dyslexia
The present study sought to identify cognitive abilities that might distinguish Hong Kong Chinese adolescents with and without dyslexia and examined the cognitive profile of dyslexic adolescents in order to better understand this important problem. The performance of 27 Chinese adolescents with childhood diagnoses of dyslexia was compared with 27 adolescents of the same chronological age (CA) and 27 of matched reading level (RL) on measures of literacy and cognitive abilities: Chinese word reading, one-minute reading, reading comprehension, dictation, verbal short-term memory, rapid naming, visual-orthographic knowledge, morphological and phonological awareness. The results indicated that the dyslexic group scored lower than the CA group, but similar to the RL group, especially in the area......
POSTED 06/24/2009 at 06:00 PM --
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Neurological differences support dyslexia subtypes
(BioMed Central) Parts of the right hemisphere of the brains of people with dyslexia have been shown to differ from those of normal readers. Researchers writing in the open-access journal BMC Neuroscience used magnetic resonance imaging to compare the two groups, and were able to associate the neurological differences found with different language difficulties within the dyslexic group. (Source: EurekAlert! - Biology)...
POSTED 06/23/2009 at 11:00 PM --
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About the role of visual field defects in pure alexia
Pure alexia is an acquired reading disorder characterized by a disproportionate prolongation of reading time as a function of word length. Although the vast majority of cases reported in the literature show a right-sided visual defect, little is known about the contribution of this low-level visual impairment to their reading difficulties. The present study was aimed at investigating this issue by comparing eye movement patterns during text reading in six patients with pure alexia with those of six patients with hemianopic dyslexia showing similar right-sided visual field defects. We found that the role of the field defect in the reading difficulties of pure alexics was highly deficit-specific. While the amplitude of rightward saccades during text reading seems largely determined by the re......
POSTED 06/23/2009 at 06:00 PM --
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Neural processing of spoken words in specific language impairment and dyslexia
Young adults with a history of specific language impairment (SLI) differ from reading-impaired (dyslexic) individuals in terms of limited vocabulary and poor verbal short-term memory. Phonological short-term memory has been shown to play a significant role in learning new words. We investigated the neural signatures of auditory word recognition and word repetition in young adults with SLI, dyslexia and normal language development using magnetoencephalography. The stimuli were 7-8 letter spoken real words and pseudo-words. They evoked a transient peak at 100 ms (N100m) followed by longer-lasting activation peaking around 400 ms (N400m) in the left and right superior temporal cortex. Both word repetition (first vs. immediately following second presentation) and lexicality (words vs. pseudowo......
POSTED 06/23/2009 at 06:00 PM --
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Enhanced activation of the left inferior frontal gyrus in deaf and dyslexic adults during rhyming
Hearing developmental dyslexics and profoundly deaf individuals both have difficulties processing the internal structure of words (phonological processing) and learning to read. In hearing non-impaired readers, the development of phonological representations depends on audition. In hearing dyslexics, many argue, auditory processes may be impaired. In congenitally profoundly deaf individuals, auditory speech processing is essentially absent. Two separate literatures have previously reported enhanced activation in the left inferior frontal gyrus in both deaf and dyslexic adults when contrasted with hearing non-dyslexics during reading or phonological tasks. Here, we used a rhyme judgement task to compare adults from these two special populations to a hearing non-dyslexic control group. All g......
POSTED 06/23/2009 at 06:00 PM --
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Basic reading skills and dyslexia: Three decades following right versus left hemispherectomy for childhood-onset intractable epilepsy.
Authors: Cummine J, Borowsky R, Winder FS, Crossley M
Dyslexia was explored within the framework of three explanations for language functioning following hemispherectomy (i.e., equipotentiality, hemispheric specialization, and crowding hypothesis/hierarchy of specialized functions) and the extent to which these models explain reading performance in S.M. (age 48, right hemispherectomy) and J.H. (age 49, left hemispherectomy). Basic reading performance was evaluated by assessing whole-word and subword reading. Both participants displayed severely impaired reading performance on pseudohomophones (e.g., WUN), signifying poor subword reading. However, J.H. (remaining right hemisphere) also demonstrated impairments in reading exception words (e.g., ONE), suggestive of poor whole-word reading......
POSTED 06/21/2009 at 06:00 PM --
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Gray matter volumes and cognitive ability in the epileptogenic brain malformation of periventricular nodular heterotopia.
Authors: Walker LM, Katzir T, Liu T, Ly J, Corriveau K, Barzillai M, Chu F, O'Connor MG, Hackney DB, Chang BS
Periventricular nodular heterotopia (PNH) is a brain malformation clinically characterized by the triad of epilepsy, normal intelligence, and dyslexia. We investigated the structure-function relationship between cerebral volumes and cognitive ability in this disorder by studying 12 subjects with PNH and 6 controls using volumetric analysis of high-resolution anatomical MRI and neuropsychological testing. Total cerebral volumes and specific brain compartment volumes (gray matter, white matter, and cerebrospinal fluid) in subjects with PNH were comparable to those in controls. There was a negative correlation between heterotopic gray matter volume and cortical gray matter volume.......
POSTED 06/18/2009 at 06:00 PM --
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Work Injury Risk Among Young People With Learning Disabilities and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Canada.
Conclusions. Our findings underscore the notion that individual differences salient in the education system (e.g., learning disabilities, school dropout) need to be integrated into conceptual models of injury risk among young workers.
PMID: 19542044 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: American Journal of Public Health)...
POSTED 06/17/2009 at 06:00 PM --
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Atypical cerebral lateralisation in adults with compensated developmental dyslexia demonstrated using functional transcranial Doppler ultrasound.
In this study fTCD was used to compare functional asymmetry during a word generation task between a group of 30 dyslexic adults and a group of 30 non-dyslexic individuals. In light of previous evidence of atypical laterality in dyslexia, a reduced leftward asymmetry was predicted and confirmed. We know from previous research that most people with atypical language lateralisation have normal language and literacy skills: nevertheless, our results confirm that language laterality is reduced in those with dyslexia. Theoretical explanations for this apparent conundrum are discussed.
PMID: 19525003 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Brain and Language)...
POSTED 06/11/2009 at 06:00 PM --
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NTFS Project event - Bridging the Gap: transitions in student writing
Writing is crucial to student success at university: for assessment, for learning within disciplines and for employability. This widening participation project takes a cross-sector approach to bridge the 'separate worlds' of writing and assessment at pre-university and undergraduate level and ease the transition between the two.
The project will:
* inform and influence policy makers through evidence-based practice: a fundamental goal is to contribute to the HEA strategic aim of being 'an authoritative and independent voice on policies that influence student learning experiences'.
* build communities of practice with a life beyond the project: HE and FE lecturers will work with schoolteachers to share understandings of each others' context, aided by writing and assessment experts and ped......
POSTED 06/05/2009 at 01:13 PM --
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Eye movements in German-speaking children with and without dyslexia when reading aloud
Conclusions: Phonological difficulty influences reading speed and eye movement pattern: children with dyslexia markedly increase their number of eye movements and analyse the text in smaller units per fixation, but keep fixation duration constant. This strategy reflects their favouring of the indirect, sublexical route of grapheme[ndash]phoneme conversion, whereas readers of English-language texts are more likely to prefer the whole-word approach, i.e. the direct, lexical route that is associated with orthographic memory. (Source: Acta Ophthalmologica)...
POSTED 06/04/2009 at 06:00 PM --
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Auditory Processing Disorders in children suspected of Learning Disabilities—A need for screening?
Abstract: Aim: The current study aims to assess: (a) the prevalence of auditory processing in a population of children reporting learning difficulties, (b) the correlation of APD diagnosis with age, the intelligence coefficient (IQ) and with the presence of a specific learning disability such as dyslexia and (c) to evaluate the reliability of each auditory processing test used in this study in identifying APD.Method: We evaluated one hundred and twenty-seven consecutive children referred to the academic tertiary LD Clinic of the Psychiatric Department by means of a psychoacoustic mainly non–verbal test battery.Results: APD was found to be present in 43.3% and co-existing with developmental dyslexia in 25% of cases. The diagnosis of APD correlated with age in that children with APD were y......
POSTED 06/02/2009 at 07:00 PM --
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Reading and Spelling Disabilities in Children With and Without a History of Early Language Delay: A Neuropsychological and Linguistic Study.
Authors: Chilosi AM, Brizzolara D, Lami L, Pizzoli C, Gasperini F, Pecini C, Cipriani P, Zoccolotti P
Language delay is a frequent antecedent of literacy problems, and both may be linked to phonological impairment. Studies on developmental dyslexia have led to contradictory results due to the heterogeneity of the pathological samples. The present study investigated whether Italian children with dyslexia showed selective phonological processing deficits or more widespread linguistic impairment and whether these deficits were associated with previous language delay. We chose 46 children with specific reading deficits and divided them into two groups based on whether they had language delay (LD) or not (NoLD). LD and NoLD children showed similar, severe deficits in reading and spelling de......
POSTED 06/01/2009 at 11:00 PM --
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