Bronchiolitis: Recent Evidence on Diagnosis and Management
Viral bronchiolitis is a leading cause of acute illness and... (Source: PCCAS: Full newsfeed)...
POSTED 02/04/2010 at 11:14 AM --
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Bronchiolitis: Recent Evidence on Diagnosis and Management
Viral bronchiolitis is a leading cause of acute illness and... (Source: Children's NSF Newsfeed)...
POSTED 02/04/2010 at 10:50 AM --
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Biochemical Marker of Bronchiolitis Severity Identified
The concentration of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in nasal wash specimens of young children with bronchiolitis is a significant independent predictor of illness severity, clinicians report in the February issue of Pediatrics. Reuters Health Information (Source: Medscape Medical News Headlines)...
POSTED 02/03/2010 at 12:27 PM --
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Bronchiolitis in Hospital: Nebulized Hypertonic Saline/Salbutamol?
(Source: AAP Grand Rounds)...
POSTED 02/01/2010 at 01:01 PM --
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LDH Concentration in Nasal-Wash Fluid as a Biochemical Predictor of Bronchiolitis Severity
CONCLUSIONS:
NW LDH levels in young children with bronchiolitis varied according to viral etiology and disease severity. Values in the upper quartile were associated with ~80% risk reduction in hospitalization, likely reflecting a robust antiviral response. NW LDH may be a useful biomarker to assist the clinician in the decision to hospitalize a child with bronchiolitis. (Source: PEDIATRICS)...
POSTED 02/01/2010 at 10:03 AM --
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Bronchiolitis: Recent Evidence on Diagnosis and Management
Viral bronchiolitis is a leading cause of acute illness and hospitalization of young children. Research into the variation in treatment and outcomes for bronchiolitis across different settings has led to evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Ongoing investigation continues to expand this body of evidence. Authors of recent surveillance studies have defined the presence of coinfections with multiple viruses in some cases of bronchiolitis. Underlying comorbidities and young age remain the most important predictors for severe bronchiolitis. Pulse oximetry plays an important role in driving use of health care resources. Evidence-based reviews have suggested a limited role for diagnostic laboratory or radiographic tests in typical cases of bronchiolitis. Several large, recent trials have......
POSTED 02/01/2010 at 10:03 AM --
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Noninvasive diagnosis of bronchiolitis obliterans due to sulfur mustard exposure: could high-resolution computed tomography give us a clue?
Conclusions HRCT can be a very useful method for differentiating between mustard lung, resistant asthma and lung injuries due to cigarette
smoking.
Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Chest Radiology/Radiologia ToracicaDOI 10.1007/s11547-010-0503-6Authors
M. Ghanei, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Science Chemical Injuries Research Center Mollasadra Ave 14359-16471 Tehran IranM. Ghayumi, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Science Chemical Injuries Research Center Mollasadra Ave 14359-16471 Tehran IranN. Ahakzani, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Department of Radiology Tehran IranO. Rezvani, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Trauma Research Center Tehran IranM. Jafari, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Science Chemical Injuries Research Center......
POSTED 02/01/2010 at 12:47 AM --
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No difference between nebulised hypertonic saline and normal saline in the treatment of infants with acute bronchiolitis in the ED?
Source: Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine
Area: News
The authors of this small trial note that nebulised hypertonic saline has been shown to improve mucociliary clearance and sputum expectoration in patients with cystic fibrosis and mucociliary dysfunction; it is hypothesised that it may also be useful in bronchiolitis by absorbing water from the submucosa, thereby decreasing oedema and improving mucociliary function.
Although there have been four studies to date evaluating hypertonic saline in the treatment of bronchiolitis (included in a Cochrane systematic review, see link below), none have been conducted in the emergency department (ED) setting. The purpose of the current study was therefore to evaluate the role of hypertonic saline in the ED - specifically to ......
POSTED 01/31/2010 at 06:00 PM --
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Pulmonary Pathologic Findings of Fatal 2009 Pandemic Influenza A/H1N1 Viral Infections.
Conclusions The pulmonary pathologic findings in fatal disease caused by the novel pandemic influenza virus are similar to findings identified in past pandemics. Superimposed bacterial infections of the respiratory tract were common. Preexisting obesity, cardiorespiratory diseases, and other comorbidities also were prominent findings among the decedents.
PMID: 20121613 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine)...
POSTED 01/31/2010 at 06:00 PM --
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Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage induced by everolimus.
In this report, a case of diffuse alveolar hemorrhage attributed to everolimus is described. The patient presented with respiratory symptoms of insidious onset, ultimately resulting in severe respiratory failure characterized by high lactate dehydrogenase levels, patchy ground-glass infiltrates, and bloody BAL fluid with predominance of iron-loaded macrophages and monocytes. Withdrawal of the offending drug and temporary association of high-dose steroids resulted in a rapid recovery. Given that prompt drug discontinuation is potentially life saving, PSI-induced pulmonary toxicity should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients treated with PSIs and presenting with respiratory symptoms or pulmonary lesions.
PMID: 20133293 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Chest)...
POSTED 01/31/2010 at 06:00 PM --
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Paediatric Respiratory Medicine in Australia and New Zealand
Paediatric Respiratory Medicine has evolved as a distinct discipline in Australia and New Zealand from the early 1970s. It now focuses on providing expertise to professional colleagues and the community in addressing the new paediatric pulmonary morbidity including asthma, cystic fibrosis, congenital abnormalities, sleep related disorders, management of the acute and long term respiratory illnesses in the extremely preterm baby and management of pulmonary complications of the immuno-compromised child. The discipline must adopt useful new technologies related to endoscopy, ventilation, lung function measurements particularly in the younger child and sleep physiology. Guidelines have been developed for the management of common paediatric pulmonary conditions such as asthma, cough, cystic fib......
POSTED 01/29/2010 at 09:20 AM --
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Acute viral bronchiolitis in children- a very common condition with few therapeutic options
Summary: Acute viral bronchiolitis remains a cause of substantial morbidity and health care costs in young infants. It is the most common lower respiratory tract condition and most common reason for admission to hospital in infants. Many respiratory viruses have been associated with acute viral bronchiolitis although respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) remains the most frequently identified virus. Most infants have a mild self limiting illness while others have more severe illness and require hospital admission and some will need ventilatory support. Differences in innate immune function in response to the respiratory viral insult as well as differences in the geometry of the airways may explain some of the variability in clinical pattern. Young age and history of prematurity remain the most......
POSTED 01/29/2010 at 09:20 AM --
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Swimming pool use in early life linked to bronchiolitis, asthma
The use of chlorinated swimming pools in early life is associated with an increased risk for bronchiolitis and the development of asthma in later childhood, study findings suggest (Source: MedWire News - Respiratory)...
POSTED 01/26/2010 at 06:00 PM --
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Swimming pool use in early life linked to bronchiolitis, asthma
The use of chlorinated swimming pools in early life is associated with an increased risk for bronchiolitis and the development of asthma in later childhood, study findings suggest (Source: MedWire News - Pediatrics)...
POSTED 01/26/2010 at 06:00 PM --
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Demonstration of Abnormal Esophageal Function in Lung Transplant Candidates
Conclusions: Our current study demonstrates numerous anatomic as well as motor abnormalities of the esophagus present in a large proportion of end stage lung disease patients awaiting transplantation. We believe HRM is a valid tool to use, as we previously presented our initial data on the applicability of HRM in identifying esophageal motor abnormalities in a test group of 7 patients. The abnormalities we identified in our current study may be representative of this unique patient population. HRM will likely be important in identifying and stratifying patients at risk of aspiration with subclinical as well as clinically apparent esophageal disorders. Additionally, post-lung transplant patients should be evaluated with HRM to determine if they are at risk, as this may predict a worse post-......
POSTED 01/25/2010 at 10:42 AM --
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What Causes Respiratory Distress?
Discussion
Pectus excavatum is a deformation of the chest wall where the sternum and ribs grow abnormally to form a concavity relative to normal positioning. Pectus carnitum is similar but forms a convexity. Pectus excavatum is much more common (90%) than pectus carnitum (7-8%) or other congenital chest wall deformities (2-3%). Pectus excavatum is usually noted at birth or in the first year of life. It may be relatively minor (the most common) or quite severe (rarer) with the concavity displacing internal organs and possibly causing pulmonary and/or cardiac abnormalities. Usually it is relatively stable, but may progress especially during times of rapid growth such as puberty. Thankfully most patients do not need treatment but severe pectus excavatum may cause psychological distress becaus......
POSTED 01/24/2010 at 06:01 PM --
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The role of TNF-α in eosinophilic inflammation associated with RSV bronchiolitis
Choi J, Callaway Z, Kim HB, Fujisawa T, Kim CK. The role of TNF-[alpha] in eosinophilic inflammation associated with RSV bronchiolitis. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2010.© 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S The purpose of our study was to investigate whether tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-[alpha] correlates with eosinophilic inflammation that occurs during a lower respiratory tract infection with the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in children. Sixty children with RSV bronchiolitis (RSV group) and 20 healthy children with no respiratory symptoms (Control group) were enrolled. We measured the nasal lavage fluid (NLF) Th2 cytokine (IL-5), proinflammatory cytokine (TNF-[alpha], IL-8), eosinophil-active cytokine [granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), IFN-[gamma]], and eosinophil-active......
POSTED 01/13/2010 at 06:00 PM --
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Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis and excessive thrombocytosis
(Source: Acta Paediatrica)...
POSTED 01/06/2010 at 06:00 PM --
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Inflammation and Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition in Lung Transplant Recipients: Role in Dysregulated Epithelial Wound Repair
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of obliterative bronchiolitis (OB) after lung transplant. Although TNF-[alpha] accentuates TGF-[beta]1 driven EMT in primary human bronchial epithelial cells (PBECs), we hypothesized that other acute pro-inflammatory cytokines elevated in the airways of patients with OB may also accentuate EMT and contribute to dysregulated epithelial wound repair. PBECs from lung transplant recipients were stimulated with TGF-[beta]1 ± IL-1[beta], IL-8, TNF-[alpha] or activated macrophages in co-culture and EMT assessed. The quality and rate of wound closure in a standardized model of lung epithelial injury was assessed in response to above stimuli. Co-treatment with TGF-[beta]1 + TNF-[alpha] or IL-1[beta] significantly ac......
POSTED 01/04/2010 at 06:00 PM --
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Editorial: leukocyte trafficking and matrix metalloproteinase-8 in obliterative bronchiolitis.
Authors: Grasemann H, Ratjen F
PMID: 20047888 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Journal of Leukocyte Biology)...
POSTED 12/31/2009 at 06:00 PM --
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