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Wednesday, August 27, 2008
 Latest
Bladder Cancer News Headlines
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Bladder Cancer News Headlines
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All Recent Bladder Cancer News Headlines |
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Bladder cancer detection using fish (urovysion assay).
Page: 279DOI: 10.1097/PAP.0b013e3181832320Authors: Halling, Kevin C. MD, PhD; Kipp, Benjamin R. PhD, MP, CT (ASCP) (Source: Advances in Anatomic Pathology)...
POSTED 08/23/2008 at 05:10 AM --
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The effect of intravesical instillation of antifibrinolytic agents on bacillus calmette-guerin treatment of superficial bladder cancer: a pilot study
Vasudeva Pawan, Singh Dharamveer, Goel ApulIndian Journal of Urology 2008 24(3):426-427 (Source: Indian Journal of Urology)...
POSTED 08/22/2008 at 04:31 AM --
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Outcomes of patients after aborted radical cystectomy for intraoperative findings of metastatic disease
To assess the clinical outcome of patients with bladder cancer who underwent attempted radical cystectomy (RC) with curative intent, but whose procedures were aborted due to intraoperative findings of metastatic disease, as the presence of metastatic disease at RC is associated with a poor prognosis and there are no data on the optimum management strategy in this situation. In all, 248 consecutive patients with bladder cancer had attempted RC at one academic institution between 1994 and 2003. We retrospectively reviewed the records of 35 patients who had an aborted RC due to intraoperative findings of metastatic disease. The pathological characteristics, time to recurrence, overall survival, disease-specific survival, and suitability for adjuvant or salvage therapies were examined. Of the 35 patients who had an aborted RC for metastatic disease, 21 (60%) died from the disease within the study period (median time to cancer-specific death 26.4 months), 11 (31%) are alive with evidence of persistent disease or progression, and three (9%) are alive with no evidence of recurrence or progression. Seven patients had a salvage RC after successful adjuvant treatment, of whom three died from recurrent disease (at a mean of 46.5 months after initial exploration, 31.9 months after salvage RC), one is alive with bladder cancer recurrence to the rectum 10 months after salvage cystectomy, and three have no evidence of disease progression at a mean of 10 months after salvage RC. The prognosis of patients who undergo an aborted attempt at curative RC due to intraoperative findings of metastatic disease is poor. Although a few patients might subsequently have salvage RC, many of these patients still have poor outcomes even if adjuvant treatments are used. When metastatic disease is discovered at RC, completing the cystectomy should be considered, although further studies are needed to show a clinical benefit. (Source: BJU International)...
POSTED 08/21/2008 at 11:00 PM --
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Chemotherapy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer treated with definitive radiotherapy: persisting uncertainties
Multi-modal treatment for invasive bladder cancer has been shown to be effective, however, definitive evidence is still lacking. Learn more about combination therapies and how they affect survival.
Nature Clinical Practice Oncology (Source: Medscape Hematology-Oncology Headlines)...
POSTED 08/21/2008 at 01:11 PM --
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[from marker expression to individual therapy of patients with bladder cancer.]
[From marker expression to individual therapy of patients with bladder cancer.]
Urologe A. 2008 Aug 21;
Authors: Vom Dorp F, Börgermann C, Jäger T, Becker M, Schmid KW, Rübben H
Urothelial carcinoma of the bladder is a tumor entity with a heterogenous clinical course. At one end of the spectrum, patients are treated for low-grade carcinomas, which are likely to reccur but show low rates of tumor progression. At the other end, patients suffer from noninvasive or early invasive high-grade carcinomas. In these cases, risk-adapted treatment decisions are more complicated. The following article gives an overview of research activities on bladder cancer with the aim to individualize treatment of patients with bladder cancer.
PMID: 18712513 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Der Urologe. Ausg. A)...
POSTED 08/20/2008 at 11:00 PM --
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Mathematical model of pulsed immunotherapy for superficial bladder cancer.
Mathematical Model of Pulsed Immunotherapy for Superficial Bladder Cancer.
Bull Math Biol. 2008 Aug 21;
Authors: Bunimovich-Mendrazitsky S, Byrne H, Stone L
We present a theoretical study of superficial bladder cancer growth and its treatment via pulsed immunotherapy with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), an attenuated strain of Mycobacterium bovis. BCG pulsed immunotherapy is a clinically established procedure for the treatment of superficial bladder cancer. In this paper, periodic BCG instillations are modeled using impulsive differential equations, which are studied using a combination of analytical and numerical techniques. In this way, we determine critical threshold values of the BCG instillation dose and rate of pulsing for successful treatment. We also identify treatment regimes in which tumor destruction occurs, but undesirable side effects are maintained at low levels by the immune system.
PMID: 18716846 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Bulletin of Mathematical Biology)...
POSTED 08/20/2008 at 11:00 PM --
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Shoulder pain: unusual presentation of transitional cell cancer of bladder
(Source: ANZ Journal of Surgery)...
POSTED 08/20/2008 at 11:00 PM --
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Editorial - defining early morbidity of radical cystectomy for patients with bladder cancer ...
BERKELEY, CA (UroToday.com) - This article, recently published... (Source: UroToday)...
POSTED 08/20/2008 at 06:00 PM --
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Epigenetic markers as promising prognosticators for bladder cancer
Transitional cell carcinomas of the urinary bladder have diverse biological and functional characteristics. Surveillance strategies for bladder cancer recurrence have historically relied on the diagnostic combination of cystoscopy and urinary cytology. However, the accuracy of both tests depends on subjective and operator-dependent interpretations of the visible findings. In contrast, promoter hypermethylation of CpG islands is strongly associated with tumor development and prognosis of bladder cancer. Detection of DNA methylation in voided urine may be feasible and more sensitive than conventional urine cytology. Ultimately, all types of urological cancers may be screened in urine using a candidate panel of hypermethylated genes. The epigenetic silencing of tumor suppressor genes is interest from a clinical point of view because it is possible to reverse epigenetic changes and restore gene function to a cell. Methylation markers might therefore be more useful than conventional molecular markers for the treatment and prevention of bladder cancer. (Source: International Journal of Urology)...
POSTED 08/19/2008 at 11:00 PM --
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Bioniche phase iii clinical trial in bladder cancer progressing well
Bioniche Life Sciences Inc. (TSX: BNC), a research-based, technology-driven Canadian biopharmaceutical company, announced that its first Phase III clinical trial with a formulation of Mycobacterial Cell Wall-DNA Complex (MCC), trademarked Urocidin, for the treatment of bladder cancer, is progressing well. The Data Safety Monitoring Committee held its fifth scheduled meeting regarding this clinical trial on August 14, 2008. (Source: Cancer / Oncology News From Medical News Today)...
POSTED 08/19/2008 at 03:00 AM --
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Rosiglitazone, a ppar gamma agonist: potent promoter of hydroxybutyl(butyl)nitrosamine-induced urinary bladder cancers
In an initial study to determine if rosiglitazone had chemopreventive activity, Fischer-344 female rats were administered twice weekly doses of hydroxybutyl(butyl)nitrosamine (OH-BBN), a urinary bladder specific carcinogen, for 8 weeks. Two weeks following the last dose of OH-BBN, rats were administered rosiglitazone (50 mg/kg BW) daily by gavage for the remainder of the study (7 months). Only 57% of OH-BBN-treated animals developed palpable urinary bladder cancers during the course of the study, while all of the OH-BBN plus rosiglitazone treated rats developed large cancers (p < 0.01). Surprisingly, examination for PPAR gamma by immunohistochemistry in the urinary bladders of rats showed that while untreated bladder urothelium and preneoplastic lesions clearly expressed PPAR gamma, frank carcinomas exhibited significantly lower levels. This was confirmed by employing microarray studies of the same samples. In additional studies, lower doses of rosiglitazone (10, 2 and 0.4 mg/kg BW/day) were administered. The 10 mg/kg BW/day dose greatly enhanced bladder cancer incidence (p < 0.01). The dose of 2 mg/kg BW/day, which is roughly equivalent to a standard human dose, also significantly increased bladder cancer incidence (controls, 48%; rosiglitazone-treated, 84%). The lowest dose did not significantly increase tumor incidence (rosiglitazone at 0.4 mg/kg BW/day, 64%) or tumor weight in the rats, although there was a trend in that direction. Rosiglitazone alone (10 mg/kg BW/day) given in the absence of OH-BBN did not result in bladder cancer formation when given for 10 months. In summary, rosiglitazone over a wide dose range enhanced urinary bladder carcinogenesis in the OH-BBN model in rats. Published 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. (Source: International Journal of Cancer)...
POSTED 08/18/2008 at 11:00 PM --
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Role of the tumour necrosis family ligand april in solid tumour development: retrospective studies in bladder, ovarian and head and neck carcinomas.
Role of the tumour necrosis family ligand APRIL in solid tumour development: Retrospective studies in bladder, ovarian and head and neck carcinomas.
Eur J Cancer. 2008 Aug 19;
Authors: Mhawech-Fauceglia P, Allal A, Odunsi K, Andrews C, Herrmann FR, Huard B
A proliferation inducing ligand (APRIL) from the tumour necrosis family (TNF) promotes the natural development of solid tumours in pre-clinical models. Here, we studied the role of APRIL in patients with urothelial bladder, epithelial surface ovarian, and head and neck squamous carcinomas. By using immunohistochemistry, we revealed an upregulation of APRIL expression in lesions from a significant subset of patients compared to corresponding healthy tissues. APRIL upregulation was not due to autocrine production by tumour cells, but rather originated from infiltration of APRIL-producing neutrophils. Heparan sulphate proteoglycan (HSPG) efficiently concentrated secreted APRIL in lesions. Despite this retention, in situ APRIL upregulation did not significantly alter disease-free and overall survivals of carcinoma patients in retrospective studies. This indicates that APRIL is not potent enough to promote the development of solid tumour cells under the pressure of chemotherapy.
PMID: 18718755 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: European Journal of Cancer)...
POSTED 08/18/2008 at 11:00 PM --
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Uk health secretary orders mass fluoridation of england's children
(NaturalNews) The United Kingdom's Health Secretary says that fluoridation of the water supply is needed to fight tooth decay among poor children, a move opposed by many health advocates."Fluoridation is carried out by water companies in violation of their customers' human right to refuse consent to any medical intervention," said the National Pure Water Association, noting that "by presenting fluoridation as a means of preventing tooth decay, [Health Secretary] Alan Johnson confirms the practice is medication."Such critics also argue that it is inappropriate to expose people to a medication without adjusting for their body's individual needs. Adding a drug to the water supply without being able to regulate how much water people drink, they say, is dangerous.Johnson plans to tell health officials to fluoridate the water supply in areas of the country with high rates of tooth decay. According to Johnson, poor children do not brush their teeth regularly, and need the cavity-fighting boost that fluoridated water will give them."These children are already being identified and treated in more effective ways," the National Pure Water Association disagreed.Fluoridation of public water supplies is widespread in certain parts of the world, with nearly 70 percent of the water in Australia and the United States supplemented with compounds of the highly reactive mineral fluoride. But the practice has attracted great controversy, with critics alleging that the benefits of fluoridation are not well supported, while the risks are better documented.Long-term consumption of fluoride has been shown to increase the risk of tooth and bone mottling known as fluorosis, and may increase the risk of bone fractures and cancers. A Taiwanese study found that women living in areas where the water had a high natural fluoride content had higher rates of bladder cancer than women in other areas. It is also known to have neurotoxic effects.The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency classifies fluoride as a toxin and regulates the level that is allowed into water. (Source: NaturalNews.com)...
POSTED 08/17/2008 at 02:00 AM --
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Separate submission of standard lymphadenectomy in 6 packets versus en bloc lymphadenectomy in bladder cancer
UroToday.com - The practice of lymphadenectomy during radical cystectomy for muscle invasive bladder cancer is not standardized. There is a wide variation in the number of nodes retrieved. Recent studies suggest that both the number of nodes removed and the method of submission of lymph node specimens affect the treatment outcome. (Source: Health News from Medical News Today)...
POSTED 08/17/2008 at 02:00 AM --
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Meat intake and bladder cancer risk in a swedish prospective cohort
Abstract
Background High meat consumption could potentially increase the risk of bladder cancer, but findings from epidemiologic studies are inconsistent.
We prospectively examined the association between meat intake and bladder cancer risk in a population-based cohort study.
Methods We prospectively followed 82,002 Swedish women and men who were free from cancer and completed a food-frequency questionnaire
in 1997. Incident cases of bladder cancer were identified in the Swedish cancer registries. Cox proportional hazards models
were used to calculate hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI), adjusted for age, sex, education, smoking status,
pack-years of smoking, and total energy intake.
Results During a mean follow-up of 9.4 years, 485 incident cases of bladder cancer (76 women and 409 men) were ascertained in the
cohort. We observed no association between the intake of total or any specific type of meat and the risk of bladder cancer.
The multivariate HRs (95% CIs) comparing the highest and the lowest category of intake were 1.05 (0.71–1.55) for total meat,
1.00 (0.71–1.41) for red meat, 1.01 (0.80–1.28) for processed meats, 0.96 (0.70–1.30) for chicken/poultry, and 0.92 (0.65–1.30)
for fried meats/fish. The associations did not vary by sex or smoking status.
Conclusions These results do not support the hypothesis that intake of red meat, processed meat, poultry, or fried meats/fish is associated
with the risk of developing bladder cancer.
Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Original PaperDOI 10.1007/s10552-008-9214-xAuthors
Susanna C. Larsson, Karolinska Institutet Division of Nutritional Epidemiology, The National Institute of Environmental Medicine Box 210 171 77 Stockholm SwedenJan-Erik Johansson, Örebro University Hospital Department of Urology, Center for Assessment of Medical Technology Orebro SwedenSwen-Olof Andersson, Örebro University Hospital Department of Urology, Center for Assessment of Medical Technology Orebro SwedenAlicja Wolk, Karolinska Institutet Division of Nutritional Epidemiology, The National Institute of Environmental Medicine Box 210 171 77 Stockholm Sweden
Journal Cancer Causes and ControlOnline ISSN 1573-7225Print ISSN 0957-5243 (Source: Cancer Causes and Control)...
POSTED 08/15/2008 at 02:10 AM --
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Glycosylation in bladder cancer
Abstract Complex carbohydrates are major components of the cell membrane and they play crucial roles in cell-cell and cell-extracellular
matrix interactions, as well as in signal transduction. They consist of three kinds of molecular species; glycoproteins, proteoglycans,
and glycosphingolipids. There is a distinct difference in carbohydrate profiles between normal and tumor tissues. The characteristic
carbohydrate expression associated with malignant transformation is caused by “aberrant glycosylation” catalyzed by specific
glycosyltransferases and glycosidases. A close relationship between blood type antigens and bladder cancer was first established
in the 1960s, using the classic red-cell adherence test. Lectin immunohistochemical staining eventually replaced the red-cell
adherence test. In the 1980s, several monoclonal antibodies were raised against complex carbohydrates, and the clinico-pathologic
significance of blood type antigens in bladder cancer was investigated using these antibodies. Recent studies have demonstrated
the high sensitivity and specificity of immunostaining for Lewis X antigen, a carbohydrate blood type antigen, in exfoliated
cells from voided urine samples. Other than blood type antigens, the significance of aberrant glycosylation in bladder cancer
has been demonstrated in a number of articles. For instance, overexpression of the ganglioside (an acidic glycosphingolipid
which has sialic acid) GM3 induces apoptosis and reduces invasive potential in a bladder cancer cell line. Hyaluronic acid
promotes tumor metastasis and is an accurate diagnostic marker for bladder cancer. The expression of N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V and β,1–6 branching N-linked oligosaccharides is closely related to low malignant potential in bladder cancer. Selectins and galectins, specific
ligands for carbohydrate antigens, are also key molecules involved in the apoptosis and metastasis of cancer cells. Thus,
proteoglycans, glycoproteins, and glycosphingolipids, and their ligands, play crucial roles in the malignant transformation,
invasion, and metastasis of bladder cancer. A novel diagnostic and therapeutic approach may be possible by taking advantage
of innovative techniques in glycobiology.
Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Review ArticleDOI 10.1007/s10147-008-0809-8Authors
Chikara Ohyama, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine Department of Urology 5 Zaifucho Hirosaki 036-8562 Japan
Journal International Journal of Clinical OncologyOnline ISSN 1437-7772Print ISSN 1341-9625
Journal Volume Volume 13
Journal Issue Volume 13, Number 4 / August, 2008 (Source: International Journal of Clinical Oncology)...
POSTED 08/15/2008 at 01:46 AM --
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P53
and chemosensitivity in bladder cancer
Abstract Urothelial carcinoma is the second most common genitourinary malignancy. Although the majority of patients present with superficial
bladder tumors, there are several clinical problems, such as progression to invasive tumors, poor prognosis of invasive tumors,
and chemosensitivity. Alterations in p53 represent one of the most common genetic events in patients with invasive urothelial carcinoma and are suggested to be linked
to tumor progression, prognosis, and chemosensitivity. p53 possesses various functions, including induction of cell-cycle
arrest, apoptosis, DNA repair, and antioxidants; it acts as a killer and a healer. In this article, we review the roles of
p53 pathways in bladder carcinogenesis and findings from recent studies of ours and other groups, and we discuss the clinical
significance of the abrogation of p53 pathways in the treatment of urothelial carcinoma.
Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Review ArticleDOI 10.1007/s10147-008-0815-xAuthors
Hiroyuki Nishiyama, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine Department of Urology 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8507 JapanJun Watanabe, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine Department of Urology 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8507 JapanOsamu Ogawa, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine Department of Urology 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8507 Japan
Journal International Journal of Clinical OncologyOnline ISSN 1437-7772Print ISSN 1341-9625
Journal Volume Volume 13
Journal Issue Volume 13, Number 4 / August, 2008 (Source: International Journal of Clinical Oncology)...
POSTED 08/15/2008 at 01:46 AM --
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Molecular pathogenesis of bladder cancer
Abstract Bladder tumors show widely differing histopathology and clinical behavior. This is reflected in the molecular genetic alterations
they contain. Much information has accumulated on somatic genomic alterations in bladder tumors of all grades and stages and
when this information is related to the common histopathological appearances, a model for the pathogenesis of two major groups
of bladder tumors has emerged. This review summarizes the genetic alterations that have been reported in bladder cancer and
relates these to the current two-pathway model for tumor development. The molecular pathogenesis of high-grade noninvasive
papillary tumors and of T1 tumors is not yet clear and possibilities are discussed.
Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Review ArticleDOI 10.1007/s10147-008-0812-0Authors
Margaret A. Knowles, St James’s University Hospital Cancer Research UK Clinical Centre, Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine Beckett Street Leeds LS9 7TF UK
Journal International Journal of Clinical OncologyOnline ISSN 1437-7772Print ISSN 1341-9625
Journal Volume Volume 13
Journal Issue Volume 13, Number 4 / August, 2008 (Source: International Journal of Clinical Oncology)...
POSTED 08/15/2008 at 01:46 AM --
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Current topics and perspectives in bladder cancer research
Current topics and perspectives in bladder cancer research
Content Type Journal ArticleCategory Introduction to Review ArticlesDOI 10.1007/s10147-008-0816-9Authors
Osamu Ogawa, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine Department of Urology 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8507 Japan
Journal International Journal of Clinical OncologyOnline ISSN 1437-7772Print ISSN 1341-9625
Journal Volume Volume 13
Journal Issue Volume 13, Number 4 / August, 2008 (Source: International Journal of Clinical Oncology)...
POSTED 08/15/2008 at 01:46 AM --
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The oncological results of laparoscopic nephroureterectomy for upper urinary tract transitional cell cancer are equal to those of open nephroureterectomy
To compare the overall, tumour-specific, recurrence-free, and progression- free survival of patients with upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma (UUT-TCC) treated with laparoscopic nephroureterectomy (LNU) or standard open NU (ONU). Clinical, pathological and follow-up data were analysed for 43 LNUs and 59 ONUs performed at our institution from 1999 to 2006. In LNU the kidney was removed laparoscopically as in radical nephrectomy, but without transecting the ureter. The specimen was then removed intact with the entire ureter and a bladder cuff through a nonmuscle-splitting supra-inguinal incision. ONU was performed through separate intercostal and supra-inguinal incisions with the entire specimen being removed intact with a bladder cuff through the latter. The mean (sd) follow-up was 41 (20) months for LNU and 41 (29) for ONU. Pathological staging was: pTa 26% vs 20%, pT1 21% vs 27%, pT2 12% vs 17%, pT3 42% vs 34% for LNU and ONU, respectively. In all, seven vs six patients had positive nodes on final histology. Recurrent tumours in the bladder were detected in 26% of patients after LNU and in 27% after ONU after the mean follow-up. There were no local recurrences after LNU but there was local recurrence in six patients after ONU. There were no port-site metastases during the follow-up. Five LNU patients and seven ONU patients developed distant or lymph node metastasis. The actuarial 5-year tumour free-survival rate was 79% in the LNU group vs 76% in the ONU group (P = 0.82). The actuarial disease-specific survival at 5-years was 85% for LNU and 80% for ONU patients (P = 0.62). The surgical approach did not influence recurrence or survival. Oncological results of LNU and ONU are comparable. The lower morbidity of LNU offers advantages for the patient. (Source: BJU International)...
POSTED 08/14/2008 at 11:00 PM --
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