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Acute Leukemia News Headlines
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All Recent Acute Leukemia News Headlines |
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The novel RASSF6 and RASSF10 candidate tumour suppressor genes are frequently epigenetically inactivated in childhood leukaemias
Conclusion:
This study shows the hypermethylation profile of RASSF genes in leukaemias is distinct from that of solid tumours and represents the first report of inactivation of RASSF6 or RASSF10 in cancer. These data show epigenetic inactivation of RASSF6 and RASSF10 is an extremely frequent event in the pathogenesis of childhood leukaemia. This study also warrants further investigation of the newly identified RASSF member RASSF10 and its potential role in leukaemia. (Source: Molecular Cancer)...
POSTED 06/30/2009 at 06:00 PM --
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Telomeres and telomerase in chronic myeloid leukaemia: impact for pathogenesis, disease progression and targeted therapy
Telomeres are specialized structures localized at the end of human chromosomes. Due to the end replication problem, each cell division results in a loss of telomeric repeats in normal somatic cells. In germ line and stem cells, the multicomponent enzyme telomerase maintains the length of telomere repeats. However, elevated telomerase activity has also been reported in the majority of solid tumours as well as in acute and chronic leukaemia. Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) serves as a model disease to study telomere biology in clonal myeloproliferative disorders. In CML, telomere shortening correlates with disease stage, duration of chronic phase (CP), prognosis measured by the Hasford risk score and the response to disease-modifying therapeutics such as the tyrosine kinase inhibitor Imatini......
POSTED 06/30/2009 at 06:00 PM --
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Nucleophosmin (NPM1) mutations in adult and childhood acute myeloid leukaemia: towards definition of a new leukaemia entity
Nucleophosmin (NPM) is a ubiquitously expressed chaperone protein that shuttles rapidly between the nucleus and cytoplasm, but predominantly resides in the nucleolus. It plays key roles in ribosome biogenesis, centrosome duplication, genomic stability, cell cycle progression and apoptosis. Somatic mutations in exon 12 of the NPM gene (NPM1) are the most frequent genetic abnormality in adult acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), found in approximately 35% of all cases and up to 60% of patients with normal karyotype (NK) AML. In children, NPM1 mutations are far less frequent, occurring in 8-10% of all AML cases, and in approximately 25% of those with a NK. NPM1 mutations lead to aberrant localization of the NPM protein into the cytoplasm, thus the designation, NPMc+ AML. NPMc+ AML is seen predomina......
POSTED 06/30/2009 at 06:00 PM --
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[Original articles] SPRED1 germline mutations caused a neurofibromatosis type 1 overlapping phenotype
Conclusions:
In our series, SPRED1 mutations occurred with a prevalence of 0.5% in NF1 patients and in 5% of NF1 patients displaying an NF1-like phenotype. SPRED1 mutated patients did not display any specific dermatologic features that were not present in NF1 patients, except for the absence of neurofibromas that seem to be a specific clinical feature of NF1. The exact phenotypic spectrum and the putative complications of this NF1 overlapping syndrome, in particular haematological malignancies, remain to be further characterised. NIH diagnostic criteria for NF1 must be revised in view of this newly characterised Legius syndrome in order to establish a specific genetic counselling. (Source: Journal of Medical Genetics)...
POSTED 06/30/2009 at 06:00 PM --
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Noninvasive Ventilation in a Pregnant Patient With Respiratory Failure From All-Trans-Retinoic-Acid (ATRA) Syndrome.
Authors: Bassani MA, de Oliveira AB, Oliveira Neto AF
We saw a 34-year-old pregnant woman with acute promyelocytic leukemia, who developed acute respiratory failure from all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) syndrome. We applied noninvasive ventilation (NIV, continuous positive airway pressure plus pressure-support ventilation) to try to improve gas exchange, reduce the work of breathing, and prevent intubation. Initially we applied NIV continuously (24 hours a day), then gradually reduced the daily amount of time on NIV as her condition improved. She was discharged from the intensive care unit after 12 days. Three months after hospital discharge she gave vaginal birth to a healthy female baby. NIV was effective and safe for the mother and fetus, and NIV should be considered for respiratory f......
POSTED 06/30/2009 at 12:18 PM --
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Prognostic Factors in Adult Patients up to 60 Years Old With Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Translocations of Chromosome Band 11q23
Supplementary editorial provided by OncologySTAT
TAKE-HOME MESSAGE
Identification of the MLL fusion partner is critical for risk stratification in patients with t(11q23)-positive AML.
STUDY IN CONTEXT
Several... (Source: OncologySTAT Journal Scans)...
POSTED 06/30/2009 at 09:58 AM --
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Co-existence of acute myeloid leukemia with multilineage dysplasia and Epstein-Barr virus-associated T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis
We here report a case of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with acute myeloid leukemia with multilineage dysplasia (AML-MLD) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder (T-LPD). A 64-year-old healthy man suffered from arthralgia, and was ultimately diagnosed with RA based on bilateral hand X-rays showing mild swelling and destruction of the MP and PIP joints. Since non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were not effective, prednisolone and bucillamine were administered. After 4 months, his pancytopenia gradually progressed, and bone marrow (BM) examination revealed the presence of AML-MLD. A chemotherapeutic drug regimen including low-dose cytarabine led to nearly complete remission, but several weeks later, high fever and dyspnea suddenly appeared. Computer tomograp......
POSTED 06/29/2009 at 06:00 PM --
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Childhood Leukemia May Increase Insulin Resistance
Survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia are at increased risk of insulin resistance in
adulthood compared to their peers, according to a study published online June 29 in the Journal of Clinical
Oncology. (Source: Modern Medicine)...
POSTED 06/29/2009 at 06:00 PM --
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Laparoscopic management of an obstructing granulocytic sarcoma of the jejunum causing intussusception in a nonleukemic patient: Report of a case
Abstract Granulocytic sarcoma is an extramedullary tumor of immature myeloid cells which is often a forerunner to the development of
acute myelogenous leukemia. Granulocytic sarcoma of the gastrointestinal tract frequently involves the small intestine and
often presents with abdominal pain and obstruction. Our patient presented with a proximal jejunal mass causing intussusception
and obstruction. This type of manifestation has never before been reported. A laparoscopy-assisted resection of the affected
portion of jejunum was performed for him. The initial pathological findings were high-grade non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma; immunohistochemistry
confirmed a diagnosis of granulocytic sarcoma. After a follow-up of 14 months, there was no evidence of leukemia. This condition
is ofte......
POSTED 06/29/2009 at 08:54 AM --
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Expression of CD13/aminopeptidase N in precursor B-cell leukemia: role in growth regulation of B cells
Abstract Expression of cell surface CD13 in acute B-cell leukemia (ALL-B) is often viewed, as an aberrant expression of a myeloid lineage
marker. Here, we attempted to study the stage specific expression of CD13 on ALL-B blasts and understand its role in leukemogenesis
as pertaining to stage of B-cell ontogeny. A total of 355 cases of different hematological malignancies were diagnosed by
immunophenotyping. Among 68 cases of early B-cell ALL, 22 cases with distinct immunophenotype was identified as immature B-cell
ALL. Blasts from these ALL-B patients demonstrated prominent expression of CD10, CD19, CD22, but neither cytoplasmic nor surface
IgM receptors. This strongly indicates leukemogenesis at an early stage of B-cell development. We also identified, the existence
of a ......
POSTED 06/29/2009 at 04:59 AM --
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Modeling the molecular consequences of unbalanced translocations in cancer: Lessons from acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
Authors: Strefford JC, An Q, Harrison CJ
Chromosomal rearrangements are recurrent findings in human cancer and result in aberrant restructuring of the genome. The majority of known fusion genes are the consequence of reciprocal (balanced) translocations. However, most translocations described in human cancer are unbalanced, suggesting that other cancer genes remain to be identified. Historically, it was assumed that these unbalanced rearrangements affected gene function through the loss or gain of chromosomal material. However, emerging data supports direct disruption of genes located at or close to the unbalanced translocation breakpoints. New approaches are required for the identification of those gene loci underlying unbalanced translocations in cancer, as traditional methods have h......
POSTED 06/29/2009 at 02:40 AM --
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Side Effects of Methylphenidate in Childhood Cancer Survivors: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial
CONCLUSIONS: Methylphenidate is generally well tolerated by childhood cancer survivors. There is a subgroup at increased risk for side effects that may need to be closely monitored or prescribed a lower medication dose. The seemingly paradoxical findings of increased "side effects" at baseline must be considered when monitoring side effects and designing clinical trials. (Source: PEDIATRICS)...
POSTED 06/28/2009 at 06:00 PM --
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Acute leukemia and myelodysplasia after adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer: durable remissions after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
CONCLUSION: Durable remissions can be achieved in patients who develop acute leukemia/myelodysplasia secondary to adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer and are able to undergo allogeneic HSCT. Our results indicate that HSCT should be an early consideration in the management of such patients who are suitable candidates for the procedure.
PMID: 19564171 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: Ann Oncol)...
POSTED 06/28/2009 at 06:00 PM --
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Analysis of the quality of reporting of randomized controlled trials in acute and chronic myeloid leukemia, and myelodysplastic syndromes as governed by the CONSORT statement.
CONCLUSIONS: Quality of reporting in RCTs focusing on myeloid malignancies remains unsatisfactory. Further improvement of reporting is necessary to assess the validity of clinical research.
PMID: 19523596 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Annals of Epidemiology)...
POSTED 06/27/2009 at 09:05 PM --
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Molecular and chromosomal mutations among children with B-lineage lymphoblastic leukemia in Brazil's Federal District.
Authors: Mesquita DR, Córdoba JC, Magalhães IQ, Córdoba MS, Oliveira JR, Gonçalves A, Ferrari I, Martins-de-Sá C
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) accounts for approximately 80% of all acute leukemias during childhood. Chromosomal anomalies resulting from gene fusion, which are frequent in leukemias, create hybrid transcripts, the great majority of which encode transcription factors. We analyzed 88 pediatric patients (median age 7.3 years) who had B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, to look for gene fusion transcripts of TEL/AML1, E2A/PBX1, BCR/ABL p190, and MLL/AF4. The frequencies of these transcripts were 21.21, 9.68, 3.03, and 0%, respectively. All positive cases had a common B-ALL immunoph......
POSTED 06/27/2009 at 08:45 PM --
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HLA-haploidentical blood and bone marrow transplantation with anti-thymocyte globulin: long-term comparison with HLA-identical sibling transplantation.
We present an update of our results regarding related HLA-haploidentical and HLA-identical sibling hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in patients with leukemia. We compared the outcomes of 107 patients with leukemia undergoing HLA-identical sibling (n=51) or related HLA-haploidentical (n=56) HSCT performed during the same time period. Patients received BU-CY/CY-TBI in HLA-identical sibling HSCT or TBI+Ara-C+CY+ATG/CCNU+Ara-C+Bu+CY+ATG in haploidentical HSCT as conditioning regimens, followed by unmanipulated marrow and/or peripheral blood (PB) transplantation. All patients achieved full engraftment. The cumulative incidence of grades II through IV acute graft-versus-host disease (aGvHD) in the matched and haploidentical cohorts was 13.7% and 26.8% (P<0.05), respectively. The......
POSTED 06/27/2009 at 12:08 PM --
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Transcriptional and functional defects of dendritic cells derived from the MUTZ-3 leukaemia line.
Authors: Rasaiyaah J, Noursadeghi M, Kellam P, Chain B
Dendritic cells (DC) generated from MUTZ-3, an immortalized acute myeloid leukaemia-derived cell line, have potential application as a model for the study of human DC, and as a tool with which to stimulate immunotherapeutic responses to cancer. However, the relationship of MUTZ-3 DC to their non-transformed counterparts remains incompletely understood. Immunoselected CD14+ MUTZ-3 cells were used to generate a homogeneous population of DC (M3DC). These cells had a cell surface phentoype and morphology characteristic of conventional monocyte-derived DC (MDDC). Whole genome transcriptome comparison of M3DC and MDDC however, revealed extensive differences between these two cell types. Functional ontology-based data analysis revealed th......
POSTED 06/27/2009 at 08:43 AM --
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Differential gene expression of bone marrow CD34+ cells in early and advanced myelodysplastic syndrome.
This study demonstrates stage-specific expression of some genes that may have potential prognostic significance.<strong><br /></strong> Keywords: gene expression profiling, myelodysplastic syndrome, CD34+ cells.
PMID: 19469654 [PubMed - in process] (Source: Neoplasma)...
POSTED 06/27/2009 at 08:40 AM --
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Sodium selenite induces apoptosis in acute promyelocytic leukemia-derived NB4 cells through mitochondria-dependent pathway.
Authors: Han B, Ren Y, Guan L, Wei W, Hua F, Yang Y, Yang T, Cao T, Dong H, Pan H, Xu C
Our previous study has shown that sodium selenite can cause apoptosis in acute promyelocytic leukemia-derived NB4 cells in a caspase-dependent manner involving Deltapsim disruption and cleavage of Bcl-2, but more detailed mechanism(s) remain unclear. Here we showed that mitochondrial apoptosis signaling pathway played a vital role in apoptosis induced by sodium selenite based on the following findings: 1) cytochrome c release, activation of caspase 9, mitochondrial targeting, and oligermerization of Bax; 2) caspase 9, but not caspase 8, inhibitor could attenuate apoptosis; 3) downregulation of Bax and Bad by siRNA could delay sodium selenite-induced apoptosis. Further investigation showed that ROS w......
POSTED 06/27/2009 at 08:39 AM --
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The role of hERG1 K+ channels and a functional link between hERG1 K+ channels and SDF-1 in acute leukemic cell migration.
In this study, we investigated whether SDF-1 induced acute leukemic cell migration associated with hERG1 K(+) channels. Our results showed that E-4031, a specific hERG1 K(+) channels inhibitor, significantly blocked SDF-1-induced migration of leukemic cell lines, primary acute leukemic cells, leukemic stem cells and HEK293T cells transfected with herg-pEGFP. The migration of phenotypically recognizable subsets gave the indication that lymphoblastic leukemic cells were inhibited more than myeloid cells while in the presence of E-4031 which maybe associated with herg expression. SDF-1 increased hERG1 K(+) current expressed in oocytes and HEK293T cells transfected with herg-pEGFP. There were no significant changes of CXCR4 expression on both HL-60 cells and primary leukemic cells regardless i......
POSTED 06/27/2009 at 06:46 AM --
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